Items For Use As Tinder (Must Be Completely Dry)

  • Birch Bark
  • Shredded inner bark from cedar, shestnut, red elm trees
  • Fine wood shavings
  • Dead grass, ferns, moss, fungi
  • Straw
  • Sawdust
  • Very fine pitch wood scrapings
  • Dead evergreen needles
  • Punk (the completely rotted portion of dead logs or trees)
  • Evergreen tree knots
  • Bird down (fine feathers)
  • Down seed heads (milkweed, dry cattails, bulrush, Cananda thistle, goldenrod,
  • dandelion)
  • Fine dried vegtable fibers
  • Spongy threads of dead puffball
  • Dead palm leaves
  • Skinlike membrane lining of bamboo
  • Lint from pocket and seams
  • Charred cloth
  • Waxed paper
  • Outer bamboo shavings
  • Gunpowder
  • Cotton
  • Lint

Items To Be Used As Kindling (Must Be Completely Dry)

  • Small twigs
  • Small strips of wood
  • Split wood
  • Heavy cardboard
  • Pieces of wood removed from the inside of larger peieces
  • Wood that has been doused with highly flammable materials such as gasoline,
  • oil, or wax.

Items To Be Used As Fuel

  • Dry standing wood and dry dead branches
  • Dry inside (heart) of fallen tree trunks and large branches
  • Green wood that is finely split
  • Dry grasses twisted into bunches
  • Peat dry enough to burn (this may be found at the top of undercut banks)
  • Dried animal dung
  • Animals fats
  • Coal, oil shale, or oil sand lying on the surface

Characteristics of various woods

Species Ease of Starting Cooking Qualities Sparks Smoke Imparted Flavors
Apple Difficult Excellent Few Little Excellent
Ash Fair Good Few Little Good
Aspen Fair Fair Moderate Little Good
Beech Difficult Good Few Little Good
Birch Easy Fair Moderate Moderate Good
Cedar Easy Poor Many Many Bad
Cherry Difficult Excellent Few Little Excellent
Elm Fair Poor Few Heavy Bad
Fir Easy Poor Many Heavy Bad
Hickory Difficult Excellent Moderate Little Excellent
Locust Difficult Excellent Few Little Good
Maple Difficult Excellent Few Little Excellent
Oak Difficult Excellent Few Little Good
Pine Easy Poor Many Heavy Bad
Spruce Easy Poor Many Heavy Bad
Sycamore Difficult Poor Moderate Heavy Bad